The rare earth minerals dispute between the United States and China has exploded into one of the most intense confrontations of their ongoing rivalry. These minerals, essential to modern technology and advanced weapons, have become tools of influence in a global power game.
What Rare Earths Really Are
Despite the name, rare earths are not actually rare. But they are difficult to extract from the earth because they appear in tiny amounts and require heavy processing to produce usable metals.
These minerals power everything from smartphones and electric vehicles to satellites, missiles, and fighter jets. In today’s digital world, control over rare earths means control over the industries of the future.
China’s Grip Tightens
China dominates global rare earth refining, giving Beijing tremendous leverage over the world economy. That power became clear in December 2024 when China halted exports to the United States after Washington restricted access
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